Changes in Nine-grade School Leavers’ Educational Trajectory Preferences
Larisa Yu. Bedareva – Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Elena V. Lomteva – Leading Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Research carried out by the Center for Economics of Continuous Education of the Institute of Applied Economic Studies, RANEPA has revealed that the share of nine-graders who leave school after passing a basic state exam (BSE) varies from 40% to 55% depending on a subject of the Russian Federation. Most school leavers are enrolled in secondary vocational education institutions (SVEI), but a certain portion of nine-graders stop studying at educational institutions (EI) of their regions with some school leavers moving to other regions to enter vocational training institutions. At the same time, plenty of nine-graders do not continue their studies, but start working, particularly, in the informal economy and there are also some who neither study, nor work.
Key words: nine-grade graduates, main state exam, secondary vocational education, educational establishments.
JEL-codes: I21, I24.
Survey of Current Business (April-July 2022)
Sergey P. Aukutsionek – Head of Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Andrey S. Yegorov – Senior Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Inessa A. Bachirova – Senior Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Tatyana V. Serzhantova – Senior Researcher of the Center for Transition Economy Studies, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In April 2022, there happened a long-awaited decline in price indicators: for example, the diffusion index of prices for purchased products decreased by 9 points, and the diffusion index of expected in three months changes in prices for manufactured products decreased by 21 points at a time. The diffusion indices of output and order-books level decreased significantly, but this can rather be called a correction after the abnormally high values of March.
Key words: Russia, industry, industrial enterprises, price level, wages, employment, output, investment, indebtedness to banks, order-book level, stocks of finished products, capacity utilization rate, financial situation, production restrictive factors.
JEL-codes: D22, D24, G31, L23, P23.
Russia’s Low-Carbon Transition
Chen Xueqing – Graduate Student of the Department of State Regulation of the Economy, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (China). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article highlights the positive changes that took place in 2021 in Russia’s transition to a low-carbon regime: the Strategy of low-carbon development until 2050 was approved, active climate diplomacy, etc., and the first steps in decarbonization in the practical sphere were taken - Sakhalin was selected for regional experiments. The prospects for alternative energy development are analyzed. The influence of geopolitical factors such as the military operation in Ukraine and anti-Russian sanctions of the West on the energy transition is considered. It is assumed that geopolitical factors will have a much greater impact on the energy transition in Russia than climate change, while in Europe a more radical strategy of emissions reduction and energy transition can be expected.
Key words: climate diplomacy, low-carbon transition, alternative energy.
JEL-codes: F18.
Dynamics of the Domestic Market in 2022: Development Potential and the Impact of Sanctions
Olga I. Izryadnova – Head of Structural Policy Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Leading Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Marina A. Kovaleva – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
A radical change in the political and economic environment in early 2022 interrupted the inertia of recovery processes in the economy under the pressure of unprecedented financial sanctions on the activities of Russian corporations in the real and banking sectors and foreign trade restrictions by disloyal foreign countries.
The peculiarity of the current situation was a change in the structure of gross resources, strengthened by the gap in the transport and trade-logistics systems. The accumulated potential for economic recovery in 2020–2021 makes it possible to weaken the impact of negative trends. However, with the groing impact of restrictions on imports, especially in critical positions for Russia, the issues of structural changes and defining the contours of a new industrial policy have become more relevant
Key words: output dynamics, internal demand, external demand, anti-crisis measures, inflation.
JEL-codes: E22, E31, O40.
Dynamics of Privatization and State Property Management in 2021 – H1 2022
Georgy N. Malginov – Head of Ownership and Corporate Governance Department of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Leading Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: malginov@ieр.ru
Alexander D. Radygin – Chairman of the Scientific Council, Director of Center for Ownership and Corporate Governance of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Institute of Economics, Mathematics and Information Technology, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The article discusses the main trends in the privatization process and related aspects of state property policy in 2021 – early 2022.
Key words: privatization, state property, Rosimushchestvo.
JEL-codes: G32, G35, H82, L33.
G20 Countries Tightened Their Monetary Policies in May 2022, Global Economic Outlook Revised Downward
Urmat K. Dzhunkeev – Junior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Yury N. Perevyshin – Senior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Pavel V. Trunin – Head of Center for Macroeconomics and Finance of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy; Director of Center for Central Banks Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Doctor of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Maria I. Chembulatova – Junior Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
The UN and the European Commission have revised downward the global GDP growth estimate to 3.1%–3.2% in 2022, a decrease compared with the IMF outlook released in April (3.6%). The economic growth outlooks for China and the US in 2022 were lowered to 4.2%–4.6% and 2.4%–2.9%, respectively. At the same time, the rate of inflation keeps growing and the monetary authorities of all G20 developed countries which held meetings in May took a decision to tighten their monetary policies. The US Federal Reserve declared that they were going to reduce the balance by $47.5 bn a month starting from June. The central banks of India, Brazil, Mexico and South Africa raised interest rates. At its extraordinary meeting in May, the Central Bank of Russia reduced the key rate by 3 p.p. to 11% on the back of ebbing of inflationary pressures because of sagging demand, appreciation of the exchange rate of the Russian ruble and a decline in inflation expectations.
Key words: world economy, growth rates, forecast, monetary policy, UN, European commission.
JEL-codes: C53, C54, E52, E58.
Reconsidering Long-term Trends in the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Russia and the Regions in the post-Soviet Period
Vera A. Barinova – Head of International Laboratory for Research on Sustainable Development Problems Regionalism of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Head of Laboratory of Innovative Economics of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Candidate of Economic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Stepan P. Zemtsov – Director of Centre for Economic Geography and Regional Studies of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Senior Researcher of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Candidate of Geographic Sciences (Moscow, Russia). Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Alexander A. Mikhaylov – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Yulia V. Tsareva – Researcher of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russia). E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Traditionally, trends and patterns in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Russia are assessed without taking into account changes in statistical criteria and methodologies, which can distort the analysis. This article describes and briefly explains the long-term trends in the development of the SME sector over the past 20 years in Russia, including taking into account a single end-to-end methodology of data series construction.
It was found that the number of SMEs in the country has been decreasing in recent years, but still exceeds the values of the 2000s due to the complication of the structure of the sector, the spread of various kinds of franchises and business fragmentation to avoid taxation. Actual employment in the SME sector, excluding the self-employed, has been declining for many years. Negative trends are associated with a decline in personal income and economic activity, especially during the pandemic.
In recent years, the number of forced entrepreneurs, self-employed, and, accordingly, the involvement of the population in entrepreneurial activity has been growing. The SME sector’s productivity is lower than in the economy as a whole, and in the last few years this gap has been growing as the average size of an SME decreases.
The study was carried out within the framework of the RANEPA state task in 2022.
Key words: small and medium-sized businesses, entrepreneurial activity, labor productivity, employment, self-employed, Russian regions, pandemic.
JEL-codes: L26, P1.
